Methods of Food Preservation Essay Example

Methods of Food Preservation Essay Example Methods of Food Preservation Paper Methods of Food Preservation Paper STUDENT NAMES I. D. NUMBER: Tonja Thomas I. D # 807001358 Miranda Alexander I. D # 807000561 FACULTY: Science and Agriculture SEMESTER AND ACADEMIC YEAR: Summer (semester 3) 2009/2010 COURSE CODE: FOUN 1102 COURSE TITLE: Academic writing for different disciplines- Option C TUTOR’S NAME: Claudette Jessop TUTORIAL DAY AND TIME: Thursday 10-12noon COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT: Expository method- Classification DATE OF SUBMISSION: Monday 28th 2010. â€Å"Food preservation†). Removal of moisture is also a class of food preservation. It includes drying and dehydration processes that inhibit micro-organisms which require moisture to survive, thus preventing growth of microorganism and food spoilage. A great variety of drying techniques are used for these products including sun drying, tunnel drying, spray drying, and evaporation (The World Book Encyclopedia, 1993. ed. , â€Å"Food preservation†). When this method of preservation is used most of the flavour is retained and th e result is a less bulk y product, whereby reducing transportation cost, and increasing shelf life of foods (Morris 2004). Moisture removal techniques can include the spreading of food product in thin layers under the sun, or the application of hot air to remove moisture from food. Foods that are commonly dried are raisins, peas, soups, and milk products (The World Book Encyclopedia, 1993. ed. , â€Å"Food preservation†). Irradiation is another kind of food preservation method. It entails the treatment of food with radiation that produces electrically charged particles. Radiation used in food preservation can be in the form of gamma rays, x rays and electron beams. Bacteria are killed and enzymes are inactivated by low doses of radiation, with little or no chemical change in foods (The World Book Encyclopedia, 1993. ed. , â€Å"Food preservation†). Radiation can avert the division of microorganisms which cause food spoilage, such as bacteria and moulds, by changing their molecular structure. It can also inhibit ripening or maturation of certain fruits and vegetables by modifying the physiological processes of the plant tissues. The use of irradiation can play an important role in reducing post harvest losses due to food spoilage (International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation 1999). Foods can also be preserved by types of methods that employ temperature control or manipulation. Freezing is one such method that uses low temperatures to slow the growth of microorganisms and stop nutrient breakdown in food. At -10  °C, the temperature of the average household freezer, there is minimal microbial growth and chemical reactions progress slowly. This lengthens the period of time the food product retains its wholesomeness. At -40  °C and below, the temperature maintained in commercial freezers, the shelf-life of food products is even longer because freezing occurs more rapidly. At room temperature, microbial and enzymatic reactions proceed swiftly, accounting for the rapid degradation of food. Another method is pasteurization, which uses heat at temperatures between 60-70  °C (Morris 2004). This treatment is designed to destroy the most heat resistant pathogens. Pasteurization is used on foods such as milk, juice and beer (JRank Science and Philosophy). Canning is one of the most popular methods of preservation that also uses high temperatures to destroy microorganisms that cause food spoilage. Foods are placed in airtight cans, jars or tins and sealed, processed at controlled temperature and time, and then cooled. A disadvantage of canning is that the heating process changes the texture, flavour and colour of the food. Though some nutrient loss occurs during the process, canned foods are popular with consumers because they are economical, convenient, offer a wide variety of products, and have a long shelf-life (The World Book Encyclopedia, 1993. ed. , â€Å"Food preservation†). The use of chemical preservatives, removal of moisture, irradiation and temperature control are categories of food preservation methods that have the same main goal. That is to lengthen the period of time for which a food product maintains a high standard of quality and safety for consumers while causing as little chemical, physical and nutritional degradation as possible. References Fact about Food Irradiation. 1999. International Consultative Group on Food Irradiation. iaea/d5/public/food irradiation. pdf. (accessed June 25, 2010). Food Preservation- Historical-Methods-Preservation, Thermal Processes, Packaging Chemical Additives, Irradiation. 010: â€Å"JRank and Science Philosophy†. http://science. jrank. org/pages/2809/Food-Preservation. html. (accessed June 25, 2010) Morris, Audrey, Audia Barnett, and Olive- Jean Burrows. 2004. Food Preservation. â€Å"FAO/Caribbean Food Nutrition Institute Publication†. Vol. 39 (3): 119-127. Rahaman, Shafiur M. 2007. â€Å"Hand book of food preservation†. CRC Press. http://books. google. tt/books (accessed June 24, 2010) Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. 2008. â€Å"Food preservation†. http://en. wikipedia. org/ (accessed June 22, 2010). Zeuthen P. , Ley Bogh- Sorensen. 2003. â€Å"Food preservation techniques†. Woodhead Publishing. http://books. google. tt/books (accessed June 24, 2010).

Human Rights Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Rights - Research Paper Example orts and medical personals who attended to these patients, the symptoms were largely internal including breathlessness, foaming from the nose and mouth, dizziness, running nose, irritation and constriction of the eye pupils, blurredness, nausea, vomiting, general body weakness and loss of consciousness. These symptoms were consistent with exposure to neurotoxic substances The US assessment confirmed the death of more than 1400 people including many children (The White house, 2013; Syria chemical attack, 2013). Experts believe that this attack by the Syrian government aimed to eradicated opposition forces in the Damascus regions. In its previous attacks using most of its conventional weaponry the regime has been unable to clear the region of the opposition elements and hence has resorted to chemical warfare. The Syrian government has loads of chemicals in stock including sarin, mustard, VX, and munitions to deliver these agents to the target locations. The Syrian military is believed to possess thousands of tons of chemicals and its precursors including huge quantities of sarin along with the required knowledge and expertise on the use of chemical warfare (The White house, 2013; Syria chemical attack, 2013). The final call for carrying out a chemical attack rests with the Syrian President, Bashar al-Azad, who had initiated a similar chemical attack, but on a smaller scale last year in the Damascus region. Further reports have also confirmed that personal from the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Center (SSRC) were involved in the preparation of the chemical weapons before the attack. The chemicals used for the attack were mixed in a nearby region and the regimen employed surface to surface rockets and artilleries to carry out the attack. Within three hours following the attacks, many hospitals in the Damascus region received thousands of people displaying symptoms of neurotoxin exposure. The role of the regimen in the attack was further confirmed through

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

E-commerce - Essay Example The emergence has been facilitated by the evolution of internet, communication infrastructures and computer systems. The increase in internet content like text messaging and multimedia and support services such as online catalogues, security systems and payment settlement systems have also supported the growth in e-commerce (Pankaj, 2005). Many global organizations have adopted e-commerce in order to increase their market share, create new online subsidiaries, attain a competitive edge in the market, reduce the entry barriers in the global market and reduce the costs of doing business. E-commerce has evolved from the transaction level business to a relationship based business that is characterized by two way communications with full integration of internet capabilities in to the business (Pankaj, 2005). E-commerce offers several benefits to business organizations, customer sand suppliers. For instance, e-commerce will reduce the costs of creating, processing, distributing and storing good and services (Pankaj, 2005). Business organizations can reduce business overheads involved in selling over the supply chain and the time spent between the outlay of capital and the time the goods and services are received. E-commerce will create a competitive edge for business organizations and enhance the business reputation through improved, new found business opportunities, increased flexibility, enhanced customer service and reduced supply chain time (Laudon & Traver, 2010). The customers will benefit from increased convenience in shopping since they can access goods and services 24 hours a day at the comfort of their location (Pankaj, 2005). Customers can easily access the recent product information within a short period of time and access a wide variety of commodities. E-commerce had facilitated competition, which has led to new innovative products and discounts to the customers. Customers

Complete standartisation of offerings and marketing interactions in Essay

Complete standartisation of offerings and marketing interactions in International Marketing strategy is always the main goal to - Essay Example The economic reforms adopted by the governments in different economies across the world led to the inflow of investments by the companies in the foreign countries which opened up the global markets for the companies of different sizes across the world. The transformation in the business environment led to the modification in the international strategies adopted by the companies. Thus the marketing environment and the culture of the companies underwent rapid changes over the period of time. The developments in the market environment and the strategies adopted by the organizations have come up in order to respond to the changes in the consumer behaviour and demands of the customers in the economy. The advancement in communication technologies and other online applications as a result of strategic implementations in the global markets have changed the outlook of the customers of the companies. The customers have become more aware of the information on the products and the services offer ed in the global arena. The level of awareness of the customers has increased and they have started to weigh the different options for the products and services offered by the companies in the international markets. The customers have learnt to define their needs in a far better manner and seek solution to satisfy their wants on a consistent basis (Andrus, 1990, p.430). Apart from this, there have an increase in the competition among the business houses for offering the products and services in the market. In order to gain competitive advantage, the companies started to focus on their strategies to avoid duplication of information on the products and services offered by the company. This led to the standardization of the offerings and marketing interactions as an important trend in the international marketing strategies of the companies. International Marketing strategy The standardization of product offerings and marketing interactions is extremely important for the multinational c ompanies in order to increase the acceptability of the business in the eyes of their customers. As the approach of standardization helps the companies to achieve success in the business operations, the multinational companies include this approach in the international marketing strategies designed by the multinational organizations. The companies that have wide spread operations in various markets across international boundaries considers the changing trends of consumer behaviour in order to design international marketing strategies that are important for achieving successful and sustainable business operations. The experience and learning gathered by the companies in the local markets are applied to the several foreign markets where the company has expanded its operations. The companies ensure that there is no duplication of the information available to the customer on the product and service offerings of the company in different international markets. The international marketing s trategy also takes into account the activities of promotion and marketing interaction done by the executive in several foreign markets. The sequence of penetration and expansion of the business in the foreign markets are important part of the international marketing strategy (Cavusgil, 1994, p.20). The multinational companies that operate in the different foreign market are faced with situations of varying market demands and consumer behaviour

Deviant Behavior Essay -- essays research papers

DEVIANT BEHAVIOR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Just about everyone has done something that someone else disapproves of. In fact, almost all of us have done something we ourselves have reservations or second thoughts about. Perhaps we’ve stolen something, or told a lie, or gossiped about another person in an especially nasty way. Maybe on occasion we’ve gotten drunk, of high, or driven too fast, or recklessly. Have we ever worn clothes that someone else thought was out of style, offensive, or ugly? Have we belched at the dinner table, or did we ever break pick our nose in public? Maybe we failed to show up for an important class or read a crucial assignment, or permitted our eyes to wonder onto a neighbor’s answers during an exam. Do we like a television program that someone else finds stupid and boring? Didn’t we once date someone our parents and friends didn’t like? Maybe our religious beliefs and practices don’t agree with those of some other members of our society; it could be that they would regard us as too religious or not religious enough. For some people we may be too liberal, too conservative, or too much of a loser. Does someone else consider us too short or tall, too plain of exotic, to thin or heavy, too dark or to light skinned? The number of possible ways that what we believe, or do or are, could be judged negatively by others is infinite.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This means that almost any action or characteristic we could do or think of is approved in some social circles and condemned in others. Almost inevitably, we depart or deviate from someone’s rules, simply by acting or being ourselves, since we can’t conform to all the different sets of rules that exist. Sociologists refer to behavior that is regarded as wrongdoing that generates negative reactions in persons who witness or hear about it, as deviant behavior. Many definitions of deviant behavior exist. In the book titled Deviant Behavior by Alex Thio he states that there are many conflicting definitions for deviant behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many theories about how the world came to be, was it the big band, evolution or creation? Well just like there are many different theories for this category, there are also different theories to the cause and origin of deviant behavior. I will mention a few and give a brief definition on what they state. Strain theo... ... with another person that thinks totally the opposite from us makes us weird, different, deviant in there eyes. Who are we to say what deviance really is? Maybe there is a lady who killed her children because she thought it was the right things to do because she lives in a third world country and her children were starting to die of huger and thirst. Maybe there is a teenager who goes to school gets perfect grades and works part time and wastes all his money on drugs and in prostitutes. Maybe there is a man who worships God every single second of his life and he will not talk about anything else but God. He has no eyes or ears for anything else but God that’s all he talks about and he refuses to talk about anything else. So my question is which of these persons is considered deviant? Is it the lady who killed her children, the adolescent who gets perfect grades, but is involved in drugs and prostitution, or is it the man who is obsessed by God and won’t talk of list en to anything unless its about God? Maybe the answer to this question may never be answered, because we all have our different opinions on the causes and the origin of deviant behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Work in Front of the Kids

Kohler-Evans, Patty A. Co-Teaching: How to Make This Marriage Work in Front of the Kids. Education, 127, 2, 260-264. Summary The article â€Å"Co-Teaching: How to Make This Marriage Work in Front of the Kids† by Kohler-Evans discusses the implications and effects of co-teaching on children, and provides co-teaching lessons for teachers whoa re willing to improve class performance. The article provides both theoretical and practical research of the problematic issues. The author writes that general education teachers don’t try to meet the needs of all students, but it is inappropriate as students have different abilities to learn.Moreover, disabled students should be provided with more care and attention than normal students. Therefore, co-teaching seems to be one of the most effective strategies to make teachers feel the needs of all students and to choose education program depending on that factor. As a result, a practical research was conducted to identify whether co- teaching was effective in improving overall students’ performance. During experiment two teachers were placed in one room at the same time. This process was called co-teaching.Kohler-Evans continues that â€Å"co-teaching teams have been forced into the general education classroom where veteran teachers feel insulted to have a special education teacher placed in the room with the expectation that they both teach content area critical concepts†. (p. 260) She claims that results appeared encouraging. Despite the fact that teachers were forced to teach, not asked, the majority of teachers involved in the experiment said they were pleased with the outcome and were going to try again as it ensured positive effect of students’ performance.However, the author claims that more studies are needed to identify exacts effects and outcomes of co-teaching on children, especially on children with special needs. Nevertheless, it is apparent that co-teaching is effective way to make students more involved in studying process and to improve their achievements. I think that one of the most important ideas of co-teaching is tendency to cooperation and partnership as working with another teacher will provide more new ideas about managing, planning and monitoring the perfect lesson. Apparent strength of the article is that the author doesn’t simply discuss effects and benefits of co-teaching.Instead, she provides practical recommendations for those teachers whoa re willing to practice the technique of co-teaching. She recommends, for example, finding volunteers. Of course, many teachers are confident in their professionalism and they don’t want to be taught, but there are still teachers who are open to new ideas. It is important to note that co-teaching relations are an excellent opportunity for professional growth and development. Further, the author tells to place value on co-teaching and to refer to it as inclusive practice.It is important as à ¢â‚¬Å"when all students are valued, students without disabilities have the opportunity to develop into more compassionate and caring individuals†. (p. 262) However, the central advice is to have fun from co-teaching as it offers many opportunities for cooperation and collaboration, for exploring new teaching practices and improving performance. Knowledge Application I think the article is very informative offering use new fresh ideas about teaching practices. The information provided in the paper has improved and broadened my knowledge of co-teaching and its specific moments.I think that this practice can be implemented in every classroom as it is a new opportunity for both teachers and students. Teachers will learn how to treat each other equally and how to share responsibilities. Students, in their turn, will be provided with wider range of information and knowledge. However, I don’t think that traditional education should be forgotten. Summing up, co-teaching gives a n opportunity to share the best teaching moments with someone else. References Kohler-Evans, Patty A. Co-Teaching: How to Make This Marriage Work in Front of the Kids. Education, 127, 2, 260-264.

Poverty, A, And Education System, Police Brutality, Drugs...

Poverty, a faulty and inadequate education system, police brutality, drugs and violence are a few of the issues that plague the community that raised me. At a very young age, I was exposed to all these social issues and they have shaped and influenced who I am today. Being a victim to these issues, growing up was not easy, but I always hoped that I could make a change. As a young Mexican-American woman, daughter of immigrant parents and victim to numerous social issues complicating my ability to succeed, I was never sure how I would ever be able to accomplish anything, all I knew is that I wanted to change my community for the better and to liberate it from oppression. Although I always dreamed of making huge changes in community, I never knew how I would ever be able to change it for the better. Encouraged by my English teacher, one of the few teachers to ever talk to me about furthering my education, I decided to apply to college during the fall of my senior year. 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